Many azoospermic patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) might be candidates for sperm aspiration as part of their in vitro fertilization procedure. Because sperm might be present in some but not all parts of the testes of such men, multiple samplings of the testicular tissue are usually performed to increase the probability of finding sperm in NOA patients. These samplings can be done by 2 methods: 1) TESE (testicular sperm extraction), which is actually a surgical biopsy of the testis; or 2) TESA (testicular sperm aspiration), which is performed by sticking …

This procedure is very similar to a MESA, but only a local anaesthetic is required. The surgeon uses a small needle to aspirate sperm directly from the epididymas, which, as in the MESA procedure is taken back to the RMU laboratory to be frozen and used at a later date or used immediately during an ICSI cycle.
Sperm
It is possible to freeze sperm prior to a treatment cycle, so as to ensure that there is sufficient sperm available at the time of your partners egg collection. Sperm can also be frozen …

1. Percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration
In addition to retrieving sperm from the epididymis through open microsurgical techniques, percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) is also possible. The advantages to this technique are that it can be performed without surgical scrotal exploration, it can be repeated easily and at low cost, and it does not require an operating microscope or expertise in microsurgery. The procedure as described by Craft et al. has been performed under local or general anesthesia. After induction of anesthesia, the testis is stabilized and the epididymis is held between …

Although reports on microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration with IVF appeared in the literature as early as 1984, the first live birth was not reported until 1990. As it was first described, the procedure of microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration involved careful dissection of the epididymis under the operating microscope and incision of a single tubule.
Once incised, fluid spills from the epididymal tubule and pools in the epididymal bed. This pooled fluid is then aspirated. Because the epididymis is richly vascularized, this technique invariably leads to contamination by blood cells that may …

IUI is usually suggested for those couples who have been trying to conceive for a year or more without success and have been found to have infertility issues. It is always recommended to perform a complete infertility examination before undergoing this process.
In general, artificial insemination is used when:
A woman’s cervical mucus is scant or hostile to sperm. Through IUI, sperm directly reaches the uterus, bypassing the cervix and the cervical mucus.
The man has a low sperm count, though the sperm should be healthy.
Male infertility due to antibodies to his own …